Tofas Kartal

The Tofaş Şahin, Doğan, and Kartal are Turkish versions of the Fiat 131 automobile made in the Türk Otomobil Fabrikası A. Ş. factory in Bursa, Turkey. While doğan means "falcon" in Turkish, kartal means "eagle" and şahin means "hawk". In Turkey, they are informally referred to as Kuş Serisi, meaning "Bird Series". The cars were built from 1977 and sold in Turkey until 2002, with Egyptian assembly coming to an end in 2009 and in Ethiopia until 2010.
In February 1977 the Turkish Tofaş Murat 131 was first introduced, as a near exact replica of the Fiat 131. Originally it was only available with a Solex twin-barrel carbureted 1. 3 L pushrod petrol four, producing 70 PS SAE at 5,250 rpm. From 1981 the Şahin and Kartal names were also in use, with the Kartal being the station wagon. From this point a 1. 6-litre OHV engine was also added to the lineup, producing 75 PS DIN at 5,400 rpm. This largely replaced the smaller 1. 3 , which was only retained as a lower priced option for the more basic Şahin version. The single, rounded rectangular headlights of the earlier Murat 131s were replaced with double units. Announced in September 1981 , the new luxurious Doğan model received a five-speed manual transmission. The Doğan also received a fully fabric upholstered interior, a heated rear window, and had the front door vent windows removed. The luggage compartment was fully carpeted and the suspension was adjusted to minimize understeer at high speeds....